It is observed that physical changes in the filter as bed media size variation, nozzle breakage, or water temperature variations lead to changes in the backwash regime throughout the year. The remedy proposed in this article is to use variable speed pumps in order to maintain a constant and steady optimum regime. In this study, […]

Ag nanoparticles (nAg) are used in various consumer products and a significant fraction is eventually discharged with municipal wastewater (WW). In this study we assessed the release of Ag from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)- and citrate-coated 80 nm nAg in aerobic WW effluent and mixed liquor and the related changes in nAg size, using single particle ICP-MS […]

The drastic increase in production and consumption of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has raised the concern and questions about their release into the environment and potential harm to aquatic and terrestrial species. The characteristic properties of nanoparticles, such as small size and high specific surface area and reactivity, make them desirable for their use in various […]